Membaca Sepuluh Tulah sebagai Narasi Teologi dan Kritik Sosial: Analisis Kritik Sternberg dan Shimon Bar Efrat terhadap Keluaran 7-12
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53814/eleos.v5i2.386Keywords:
bencana, kritik naratif, Keluaran 7–12, kontekstualAbstract
Abstract: Exodus 7–12 presents the narrative of the ten plagues as a central part of the story of the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. In general, this text is read with a historical approach that leads readers to understand the ten plagues as historical records or symbols of divine punishment. This approach often pays little attention to how the text is structured and communicated to readers. This study aims to analyze the structure and narrative dynamics of the ten plagues using a narrative criticism approach. The method used is a qualitative method with a narrative analysis model developed by Meir Sternberg and Shimon Bar-Efrat, examining elements of plot, repetition, characterization, narrator's point of view, and narrative tension. From the perspective of the narrative criticism approach, this study confirms that Exodus 7–12 is a narrative unit that is consciously structured to convey a theological message about God's active role in the history of His people's liberation. The structure and dynamics of the story of the ten plagues show how narrative strategies shape the reader's understanding of the meaning of the text as a whole. Through narrative reading, space is opened for contextual theological reflection, where the story of the plagues is understood not merely as historical events of the past but as a narrative that continues to speak into the reality of social and ecological crises.
Abstrak: Keluaran 7–12 menyajikan narasi sepuluh tulah sebagai bagian sentral dalam kisah pembebasan bangsa Israel dari perbudakan di Mesir. Pada umumnya teks ini dibaca dengan pendekatan historis yang mengantar pembaca pada pemahaman sepuluh tulah sebagai catatan sejarah atau simbol penghukuman ilahi. Pendekatan tersebut sering kali kurang memberi perhatian pada cara teks disusun dan dikomunikasikan kepada pembaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur dan dinamika naratif sepuluh tulah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kritik naratif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan model analisis naratif sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Meir Sternberg dan Shimon Bar-Efrat, dengan menelaah unsur alur, pengulangan, penokohan, sudut pandang narator, dan ketegangan naratif. Dari sudut pandang pendekatan kritik naratif, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Keluaran 7–12 merupakan kesatuan narasi yang disusun secara sadar untuk menyampaikan pesan teologis tentang peran Allah yang aktif dalam sejarah pembebasan umat-Nya. Struktur dan dinamika kisah sepuluh tulah memperlihatkan bagaimana strategi naratif membentuk pemahaman pembaca terhadap makna teks secara utuh. Melalui pembacaan naratif membuka ruang untuk refleksi teologis yang kontekstual dimana kisah tulah dipahami bukan semata mata sebagai peristiwa historis masa lampau melainkan sebagai narasi yang terus berbicara kedalam realitas krisis sosial dan krisis ekologis
Downloads
References
Aeni, Nurul. “Pandemi COVID-19: Dampak Kesehatan, Ekonomi, & Sosial.” Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan Dan IPTEK 17, no. 1 (June 2021): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.33658/jl.v17i1.249.
Atmaja Hidayat, Elvin. “‘Menggali Relevansi Teologis Berdasarkan Analisis Naratif Atas Kisah “Kelahiran Samuel” Dalam 1 Samuel 1:1-28.’” DISKURSUS 17, no. 1 (2018): 79–101.
Bar-Efrat, Shimon. Narrative Art in the Bible. London: T&T Clark, 2000.
Bar-Efrat, Shimʿon. Narrative Art in the Bible. Repr. Bible and Literature Series. Sheffield: Academic Pr, 2000.
Beegle, Dewey. “Moses.” In Britannica. 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet.
Boff, Leonardo. Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor. Ecology and Justice. Maryknoll, N.Y: Orbis Books, 1997.
Dozeman, Thomas B., Craig A. Evans, and Joel N. Lohr, eds. The Book of Exodus: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation. Vetus Testamentum Supplements. Leiden: Brill, 2014. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Book_of_Exodus.html?id=TmGeBQAAQBAJ.
Fauzi, Mohammad. Dampak Bencana Gempabumi Dan Tsunami Di Kawasan Pesisir Lere Kota Palu. 2021.
Hagan, Harry. Elements of Biblical Narrative: A Brief Introduction with an Analysis of the Red Sea Story. Place of publication not identified: Hosted by PALNI Press, 2021.
Hoffmeier, James Karl. Ancient Israel in Sinai: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Wilderness Tradition. Cary: Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2005.
———. Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition. 2. [print.]. New York, NY: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
Laia, Harman Ziduhu, and Daniel Ari Wibowo. “Dilematika Teologis Karakter Allah Dan Kehendak Bebas Firaun Dalam Keluaran 9:12.” Journal Kerusso 7, no. 1 (March 2022): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v7i1.226.
Nikodemus, and Andreas Jimmy. “Jejak-Jejak Pengutusan Musa Membebaskan Bangsa Israel Dari Perbudakan Mesir (Keluaran 6:1-12).” Student Scientific Creativity Journal 1, no. 6 (2023): 293–95.
Rosenblum, and Joseph. “Aaron.” EBSCO, n.d.
Singgih, Emanuel Gerrit, and Yushak Soesilo. “Siapa Yang Bertanggung Jawab Atas Tulah Kesepuluh? Sebuah Pertimbangan Etis-Teologis Terhadap Teks Keluaran 11-12.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 1 (July 2022): 154–70. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i1.823.
Sternberg, Meir. The Poetics of Biblical Narrative: Ideological Literature and the Drama of Reading. Indiana Studies in Biblical Literature. Bloomington (Ind.): Indiana university press, 1985.
Waoma, Ken Jacks Gunawan, and Andreas Danang Rusmiyanto. “Membangun Spiritualitas Kristiani Posmodern Melalui Analogi Pembebasan Israel Dari Mesir.” Jurnal EFATA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan 10, no. 1 (December 2023): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.47543/efata.v10i1.131.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. “Pendekatan Reader Response Criticism Terhadap Narasi Tulah Di Mesir Dalam Peristiwa Keluaran.” Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Dan Lintas Budaya 4, no. 4 (December 2020): 267–76. https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v4i4.9206.
Zecher, Henry. Papyrus Ipuwer, Egyptian Version of the Plagues: A New Perspective. III. 1997. https://www.henryzecher.com/papyrus_ipuwer.htm.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Oktriliem Sari, Irna Wati Satigi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.




